Which term encompasses broader communication methods like yard signs and TV advertisements?

The term that best encompasses broader communication methods like yard signs and TV advertisements is public communication. This term refers to the various ways in which candidates and political organizations convey their messages and engage with the electorate through different media outlets. Public communication includes advertising, promotional materials, and any other forms of outreach that inform voters about a candidate’s positions, values, and campaign messages.

In contrast, electioneering communication specifically pertains to communications that are made for the purpose of advocating for or against a candidate, often immediately preceding an election. Independent expenditures typically refer to spending by individuals or groups to advocate for a candidate, which is done independently of the candidate's campaign. Soft money refers to contributions to political parties for purposes other than supporting a specific candidate's election, generally used for party-building activities and not clearly tied to direct advertising efforts.